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Hindu Pakasastra, Volume 1 - The Hindu Cookbook

1 . Nourishment (Poshanai) 營養

所謂營養,就是含有個體意識(Jeevatma)的身體通過anna-paanam(食物和飲料)獲得免於所有疾病的 保護。正如諺語(shareera maathyangalu dharmasaadhanam)所說,我們人類一生中為滿足自己需求所做的一 切事情中,首要責任就是營養。

營養的基礎是食物和飲料(anna-paanam);當(食物或飲料的)各種成分的味道測量不適當時,攝入這種 營養的身體法則的原始狀態就會被打亂,導致身體法則 功能過強或過弱,進而造成身體痛苦。因此,在我們自 己進食或餵養他人時,應該使用地球上生長的、適於身 體法則的所有好材料來製作食物;因此,我們應該飲用 足量的水,並讓其他人也這樣做。我們也有責任確保不 因風、雨、雪等原因對自己身體造成傷害。

2 . Bodily Principles - their status, food, actions etc. 身體法則 —— 它們的狀態、食物和行動等

在所有神創造的生靈中,我們人類擁有智慧(第 六感),按照祂(神)的命令,在今生和來生,活得同 神所決定的一樣久。為了履行我們的職責,享受我們 行為的成果,並幸福地生活,我們應該吃適當的食物, 並遵循如下身體運作的基礎 —— 身體法則:

  • 胃火(Jataragni):避免過於強烈或沈悶;保持平衡; -
  • 身體組織(Rakta maamsaadi Dhathu,如血液、肌 肉等):保持純凈和強壯; -
  • 三種屬性(Tridoshas):風型(Vata)、火型(Pitta)、 水型(Kapha/Sleshmam),平衡並保持其原始狀態; -
  • 五大元素(Panchabhootas):氣(Vaayu)、火(Tejas)、 水(Appu)、土(Prithvi)和空間(Aakaaya)保持在 喜樂的狀態; -
  • 三種特質(Triguna):增加悅性(sattva)並減少動性 (rajas)和惰性(tamas)︒ -

為身體準備的食物,應當具備五種成分,即營養 (Sattu)、纖維(Sakkai)、味道(Suvai)、特質(Gunam)和屬性(Dosham)︒為了這個攜帶意識(atma)的身 體,每種食物成分分別滋養了五項基礎性的身體法則, 即胃火(Agni)、身體組織(Dhathu)、五大元素(Bhootam)、屬性(Dosham)和特質(Gunam)︒

若非如此,食物成分殘缺會破壞身體法則,使之 無法發揮應有功能,導致身體不健康。在五項身體法 則中,除了身體組織,其餘的只能通過我們的行為或 情緒來理解。

JATHARAGNI:

這項身體法則指,消化我們攝入的食物,以排泄 物的形式排出食物纖維,並將食物的營養(Sattu)、 味道(Suvai)、屬性(Dosham)和特質(Gunam)給 予其他身體法則 —— 身體組織(Dhathu)、五大元素 (Bhootam)、屬性(Dosha)和特質(Gunam)︒氣 元素(Vayu Bhoota)將子宮中的胚胎分離成不同組 織,而胃火為每個組織賦予形式︒這是胃火的作用︒ 因此,我們的食物應該同時包含纖維和營養︒胃火的 存在可以通過胃部的灼熱感以及兩只手掌相互摩擦時 產生的熱量來體驗。

SAPTA-DHAATHUKKAL (7 body tissues) : Just as stone, mud, wood, water are foundational materials to building a house to live, in the same way the body tissues - plasma(rasam) , blood (raktam) , flesh (maamisam), bone (asthi) , bone marrow (majjai) , reproductive tissues (shukla) and adipose (medas) are instrumental to create the body carrying the jeevatma (consciousness). These take the nutrients along with the essence (rasam) in the pulp as their food and give the rest of the food constituents - taste, dosham, gunam to the bodily principles - bhootham, dosham, gunam. These are the functions of our body tissues. Hence, the food that we consume should contain fluid (pasai) of liquid nature in order to wet the tissues. The essence of the food (nutrients) soaks and stays in the plasma tissue on the 1st day. On the 2nd day, the anna rasam, soaks into the plasma tissue, and the previously soaking essence-rasam flows into the blood tissue. Similarly it flows into the flesh on the 3rd day, into the adipose tissue on the 4th day, into the bone on the 5th day, into the bone marrow on the 6th day, into the reproductive tissue on the 7th day; nourishes them and provides undiminishing strength to the body on the 8th day. As these 7 dhatus can be seen by the eyes directly, we cannot doubt their existence.

七種身體組織(SAPTA-DHAATHUKKAL):

正如石頭、泥土、木頭、水是建造房屋的基礎材料一樣,身體組織——血漿(rasam)、血(raktam)、肉(maamisam)、骨(asthi)、骨髓(majjai)、生殖組織(shukla)和脂肪(medas)有助於創造攜帶意識(jeevatma)的身體︒這些組織攝取食物漿中的營養精華,並將食物其餘的組成部分——味道、平衡能量和好的意識留給其他的身體法則——五元素、生物元素和特質︒這就是我們身體組織的功能︒因此,我們所吃的食物應該包含液體的流動性質(pasai)以濕潤身體組織︒第一天,食物的精華(營養物質)浸透並停留在血漿組織中︒第二天,anna rasam滲入血漿組織,之前浸出的 essence-rasam 流入血液組織︒同樣,第三天它流入肌肉組織,第四天進入脂肪組織,第五天進入骨骼,第六天進入骨髓,第七天進入生殖組織;食物的凈化滋養所有這些組織,在第八天仍然為身體不斷提供力量︒由於這7個身體組織(dhatus)可以肉眼直接看到,我們無法懷疑它們的存在︒

TRIDOSHA:

Among these, the Vata dosha takes the Vaata component in the food we intake, and enables the body to bend, to turn to the left and right, to stand, to run, to speak and additionally it also helps the intelligence, senses and mind to function in their appropriate states. These are the functions of Vaata. Pitta takes the Pitta dosha component in the food we intake, and provides various benefits to the body like radiance, health, taste to the tongue, right heat to the Jatharagni, and love for food. It also helps Jatharagni to digest the food. These are the functions of Pitta. Sleshmam/Kapham takes the Kapha component in the food we intake and makes the body shine, provides courage, strength and also helps limbs like hands and legs to move as they want. These are the functions of Sleshmam.

三種屬性(TRIDOSHA):

在這個過程中,風型屬性(Vata dosha)攝取我們食物中的風型成分,讓身體可以彎曲、左右轉動、站立、跑步和說話,此外它還幫助智力、感官、心智在適當的狀態下發揮作用︒這些都是風型屬性的作用︒火型屬性(Pitta dosha)從我們的食物中攝入火型成分,並為身體提供各種好處,比如容光、健康、舌頭味覺、胃火的正確熱度,以及對食物的熱愛︒這些都是火型屬性的功能︒水型屬性(Sleshmam/Kapham)攝入我們食物中的水型成分,讓我們的身體閃閃發光,提供勇氣和力量,並且幫助四肢(如手和腿)按照意願移動︒這些是水型屬性的功能︒

The above mentioned 3 doshas takes the 3 doshas in the food we intake as their food; and gives the other food components namely taste and guna to the 2 bodily principles, bhoota and guna respectively. Thus, the food that we intake should consist of ingredients with balanced doshas which in turn balance the Vaataadi doshas in the body. Vomiting due to giddiness, fainting are the indication of Pitta dosha, pricking sensation(kutthal pudaittal) are the indication of Vaata dosha; Sleshma dosham can be identified from conditions like cold/phlegm and cough due to excess cold. However, only if they are more than their balanced states, these indications can be seen.

上述3種屬性從我們的食物中汲取不同的生物能量;並將剩下的食物成分,亦即味道和特質留給了剩下來的2項身體法則,分別是五大元素和特質︒因此,我們攝入的食物中應當包含風、火和水三種屬性相互平衡的成分,這反過來可以平衡我們身體中的三種屬性︒頭暈嘔吐,昏厥是火型屬性的指徵;刺痛感(kutthal pudaittal)是風型屬性的指徵;水型屬性可以從諸如感冒/痰以及因著涼而咳嗽等情況中識別出來︒但是,只有在三種屬性的平衡狀態被打破時,這些指徵才會顯現出來︒

PANCHA BHOOTA (5 elements) :

Among these, the air element (Vaayu) , takes the astringent taste in the food nutrients as its food, and divides the shapeless embryo in the womb into various body tissues and doshas. Tejas or fire, takes the pungent taste in the food nutrients as its food, and gives form to the tissues and doshas which were divided by Vaayu (air element). Appu (water) , takes the sweet taste in the food nutrients as its food, and protects the foetus with its wet nature, from any damage that can be caused due to the jwala (flames) produced from the combining of vaayu and tejas. Prithvi (earth) , takes the sour and salty taste in the food nutrients as its food, and protects the tissues and doshas protected by Appu, from any defects that can be caused due to too much wetness. Aakash-

am (space) , takes the bitter taste in the food nutrients as its food, and causes the forms created and protected by vaayu, jwaalam, appu, prithvi to thrive. These are the functions of the Pancha bhootas.

五大元素(PANCHA BHOOTA):

在上述過程中,氣元素(Vaayu)吸收食物營養中的澀味,並將子宮中尚未成形的胚胎分裂成各種身體組織和屬性︒火元素(Tejas)吸收食物營養中的辣味,為氣元素所分裂的組織和屬性給予形狀︒水元素(Appu)吸收食物營養中的甜味,以其濕潤的特性保護胎兒,使其免於受氣元素和火元素結合產生的火焰(jwala)造成任何傷害︒土元素(Prithvi)吸收食物營養中的酸味和鹹味,保護那些受到水元素保護的組織和屬性,使之避免由於過於濕潤而導致缺陷︒空間元素(Aakasham)吸收食物營養中的苦味,讓那些由氣元素、火元素、水元素、土元素創造和保護的組織形式得以茁壯成長︒這就是五大元素的功能︒

Hence, the food we intake should contain all 6 tastes which are the food for the pancha bhootas which perform important functions in our body. In addition to the above mentioned functions of the pancha bhootas, each of them takes the support of the others and performs some more important functions as said below.

因此,我們攝入的食物應該包含所有6種味道,它們是在我們身體中發揮重要作用的五大元素的食物︒ 除了上述功能外,五大元素中的每一個都需要其他元素支持,並執行一些更重要的功能,如下所述:

1 . VAAYU BHOOTAM - air element creates

  • Samaana with the help of Aakasha (space)
  • Vyaana by itself
  • Udaana with the help of Tejas (fire)
  • Apaanana with the help of Appu (water)
  • Praana with the help of Prithvi (earth)

1 . 氣元素(VAAYU BHOOTAM)—— 由氣元素創造

  • 借助空間元素(Aakasha)達到中和(Samaana)
  • 借助氣元素自身達到「氣和」(Vyaana)
  • 借助火元素(Tejas)達到「火和」(Udaana)
  • 借助水元素(Appu)達到「水和」(Apaanana)
  • 借助土元素(Prithvi)達到「土和」(Praana)
  • 2 . TEJAS BHOOTAM fire element creates
    • Dhatus (tissues) with the help of Aakasha (space)
    • Skin with the help of Vaayu (air)
  • Tongue with the help of Appu (water)
  • Nose with the help of Prithvi (earth)
  • 2 . 火元素(TEJAS BHOOTAM)—— 由火元素創造
  • 借助空間元素(Aakasha)產生身體組織(Dhatus)
  • 借助氣元素(Vaayu)產生皮膚
  • 借助火元素自身產生眼睛
  • 借助水元素(Appu)產生舌頭
  • 借助土元素(Prithvi)產生鼻子
  • 3. APPU BHOOTAM water element creates
    • Sound with the help of Aakasha (space)
    • Emotions with the help of Baayu (air)
    • Form with the help of Tejas (fire)
    • Taste by itself
    • Smell with the help of Prithvi (earth)
  • 3. 水元素(APPU BHOOTAM)—— 由水元素創造
    • 借助空間元素(Aakasha)發出聲音
    • 借助氣元素(Vaayu)產生感情
    • 借助火元素(Tejas)產生形體
    • 借助水元素自身產生味覺
    • 借助土元素(Prithvi)產生嗅覺
  • 4. PRITHVI BHOOTAM earth element creates
    • Gas with the help of Aakasha (space)
    • Hands with the help of vaayu (air)
  • Feet with the help of Tejas (fire)
  • urethra with the help of Appu (water)

- Anus by itself

4. 土元素(PRITHVI BHOOTAM)—— 由土元素創造

  • 借助空間元素(Aakasha)產生氣息
  • 借助氣元素(Vaayu)產生雙手
  • 借助火元素(Tejas)產生雙腳
  • 借助水元素(Appu)產生尿道
  • 借助土元素自身產生肛門

5. AAKAASHA BHOOTAM - space element creates

- Aakasha by itself

- Mind with the help of vaayu (air)

- Buddhi (intelligence) with the help of Tejas (fire)

- Chitta - with the help of Appu (water)

- Ego with the help of Prithvi (earth)

  • 5. 空間元素(AAKAASHA BHOOTAM)—— 由空間元素創造
    • 借助空間元素(Aakasha)自身形成空間
  • 借助氣元素(Vaayu)形成思維
  • 借助火元素(Tejas)形成智慧(Buddhi)
  • 借助水元素(Appu)形成覺知(Chitta)
  • 借助土元素(Prithvi)形成自我意識(Ego)

If we are to believe the existence of Pancha-bhootas as one of our bodily principles, we can understand it by the small following example. When we forcefully blow air onto our palm and we feel the air hit the palm, we can understand the existence of vaayu bhoota (air element). And from the heat generated from it, we can understand the existence of Tejas (fire element). And from the moisture it generates, we can understand the existence of Appu (water element). And from the place from where the breath starts, we can understand the existence of Prithvi (earth element). And because there exists a path between the place from where the breath starts and where it hits the palm, we can understand the existence of Akasha bhoota (space element).

如果我們想要相信五大元素作為我們身體法制之一而存在,我們可以通過下面的小例子進行理解︒當 我們用力向手掌吹氣,我們感覺到空氣打在手掌上, 如此我們可以理解氣元素(Vaayu bhoota)的存在︒感受由此產生的熱量,我們可以理解火元素(Tejas)的存在︒通過這一過程產生的潮濕感,我們可以理解水元素(Appu)的存在︒從呼吸開始之處,我們可以理解土元素(Prithvi)的存在︒而由於呼吸開始之處與其擊打手掌之處兩者之間存在一條路徑,我們可以理解空間元素(Akasha bhoota)的存在︒

TRIGUNAS:

The functions performed by the body along with the consciousness, with the help of the doshas, are made more efficient by the trigunas. Among the 3 gunas, The Sattva guna takes in the sattva guna in the food we intake as its food, and makes our actions filled with truth, purity, wisdom and gives us happiness, delight, strength, fame, enlightenment, peace, compassion, self-fulfillment, devotion to the divine, profit, right strategy, efforts to perform good deeds. The Rajo guna takes in the rajasic nature in the food we intake as its food, and makes us lusty, angry, greedy, arrogant, jealous, and cunning in our strategy. One who has more of this guna, in order to fulfill his desires, performs many daring and harmful actions and as its result, experiences cheap benefit and cheap pleasures, deep suffering, huge loss, unending worry, excessive lust, confusion etc. and lives without happiness always. The Tamo guna takes in the 3rd component namely tamasa guna in the food we intake as its food, and makes our actions ignorant, useless and creates more bad effects. One who has more of this guna, always loses a stable mind, strategy, thinking, ability to work with self-drive, without others' force, discipline and lives life like that of an animal.

三種特質(TRIGUNAS):

身體跟隨意識執行的各種功能,在各種屬性的幫助下得以實現,而在三種特質的幫助下變得更加有效 率︒在三種特質中,悅性特質(Sattva guna)從我們所吃的食物中吸收悅性(Sattva guna),並使我們的行動充滿真理、純潔、智慧,同時給予我們幸福、喜悅、力量、聲譽、覺悟、和平、慈悲、自我實現、 對神的奉獻、收益、正確的策略,以及努力實施善行︒動性特質(Rajo guna)從我們所吃的食物中吸收 其中的刺激性,並讓我們在自己的生活策略中變得亢奮、憤怒、貪婪、傲慢、嫉妒和狡猾︒一個帶有更多這種特質的人,會為了滿足其欲望而做出許多大膽而 有害的行為,其結果是會經歷廉價的利益、廉價的快 樂、深重的痛苦、巨大的損失、無盡的憂慮、過度的欲和困惑等,生活總是沒有幸福感︒惰性特質(Tamo guna)吸收我們食物中的第三種成分,即惰性(Tamasa guna),它使我們的行為變得無明、無用,並產生更 多不良影響︒如果一個人有較多這種特質,就會失去 穩定的頭腦、策略、思維和自主工作能力,離開了他 人的強制和紀律約束,就會活得像動物一樣︒

Hence, the food that we intake should contain the gunas (food-components) which are the food for the Trigunas (bodily principles) of the body. However, it is the nature of the world to like the uttama (best) guna. Hence, it is good to intake food predominant in sattva guna. As said above, details on Sattvic, Rajasik and Tamasic creatures and objects and how they are created are given in the following section which explains Trigunas - one of the food components.

因此,我們攝入的食物應該包含為身體法則中的 特質(Trigunas)所吸收的食物成分(Gunas)︒然而, 喜歡最好的品性(Uttama guna)是這個世界的本性︒ 因此,最好食用以悅性特質為主的食物︒如上所述, 悅性、動性和惰性的生物和物體,以及它們是如何被 創造的,將在下文解釋三種特質 —— 食物成分之一 的章節中進行詳細闡釋︒